Study Design(KA/SAP/U6StudyDesign)

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Unit 6: Study Design

1. Statistical Questions

A statistical question is one that can be answered by collecting data and where the answer will vary. For example, "How many hours do students in your school sleep each night?" is a statistical question because the answer will differ among students.

2. Sampling and Observational Studies

Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. An observational study observes individuals and measures variables of interest without influencing them.

3. Sampling Methods

  • Simple Random Sample: Every member has an equal chance of being selected.
  • Systematic Sample: Select every nth member.
  • Stratified Sample: Divide the population into groups and sample from each group.
  • Cluster Sample: Divide the population into clusters, then randomly select clusters and sample everyone in them.

4. Types of Studies (Experimental vs. Observational)

Experimental Study: The researcher actively imposes a treatment to observe its effect.
Observational Study: The researcher observes without intervention.

5. Experiments

An experiment is a study where the researcher applies a treatment and observes the effect. Experiments can help establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Quiz: Test Your Knowledge!

  1. Which of the following is a statistical question?
    What is the capital of France?
    How many hours do students in your class sleep each night?
    What is 2 + 2?

  2. What is the main difference between an experiment and an observational study?
    Experiments involve random sampling, observational studies do not.
    Experiments involve intervention, observational studies do not.
    Observational studies use more data.

  3. Which sampling method divides the population into groups and samples from each group?
    Systematic
    Stratified
    Cluster

  4. In which type of study does the researcher apply a treatment?
    Observational
    Experimental
    Survey

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